{"id":231742,"date":"2022-12-11T22:45:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T21:45:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cimko.cd\/?p=231742"},"modified":"2023-01-07T16:16:28","modified_gmt":"2023-01-07T15:16:28","slug":"lhistorique-du-ciment","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cimko.cd\/?p=231742","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019historique du ciment"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\r\n

Le ciment est le r\u00e9sultat, \u00e0 l’origine, de la\u00a0combinaison \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute temp\u00e9rature\u00a0entre du calcaire\u00a0et de l\u2018argile\u00a0qui, m\u00e9lang\u00e9 \u00e0 de l’eau, fait prise et permet de r\u00e9unir entre eux des sables et des granulats.<\/p>\r\n

Histoire du ciment<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n

Le mot ciment vient du latin “caementum”, qui signifie mortier, liant des ma\u00e7onneries<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Le ciment est utilis\u00e9 depuis des mill\u00e9naires. Dans l\u2019\u00c9gypte antique, c\u2019est un mortier de pl\u00e2tre qui jouait le r\u00f4le de ciment en reliant les pierres. Les Chinois et les Mayas b\u00e2tissaient eux aussi en utilisant des mortiers \u00e0 base de chaux, obtenue par cuisson de calcaires.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Au fur et \u00e0 mesure, le ciment s\u2019est perfectionn\u00e9 et a \u00e9volu\u00e9. Les Romains par exemple, am\u00e9liorent ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 en y ajoutant des cendres volcaniques et des briques pil\u00e9es, ce qui donne un liant hydraulique, interm\u00e9diaire entre une chaux et un v\u00e9ritable ciment. Ce liant rend possible la construction de grands ouvrages tels les ar\u00e8nes, les thermes, les amphith\u00e9\u00e2tres ou les aqueducs, dont certains sont encore en parfait \u00e9tat deux mill\u00e9naires plus tard.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

Au 18\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de cuisson \u00e9voluent,\u00a0ce qui donne les premi\u00e8res chaux hydrauliques proches des ciments modernes.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

C\u2019est en 1817 que le Fran\u00e7ais Louis Vicat d\u00e9couvre les principes chimiques des ciments et d\u00e9finit les r\u00e8gles de fabrication du ciment artificiel. Il est reconnu comme l’inventeur du ciment moderne, mais ne d\u00e9pose pas de brevet pour son invention.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

C’est l’Anglais Joseph Aspdin qui fait breveter en 1824 le ciment “Portland”, obtenu \u00e0 partir de la cuisson de calcaire et d’argile dans des fours aliment\u00e9s au charbon. La d\u00e9nomination “Portland”, due simplement\u00a0au fait que la couleur de son produit ressemblait aux c\u00e9l\u00e8bres pierres des carri\u00e8res de la p\u00e9ninsule de \u00ab\u00a0Portland\u00a0\u00bb situ\u00e9es en Manche, en Angleterre.<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n

\"\"<\/figure>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/p>\r\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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